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A squint, also known as strabismus, occurs when the eyes do not align properly. In children, this condition is relatively common and can impact visual development if left untreated. Pediatric squint occurs when one or both eyes turn inwards, outwards, upwards, or downwards, preventing the eyes from focusing on the same point. This misalignment can lead to problems such as blurred vision or double vision and, in severe cases, permanent vision loss in one eye, a condition known as amblyopia.
One common form of squint in children is esotropia, where one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose. Early diagnosis and treatment of squint in pediatrics are crucial to ensure healthy visual development.
What Is Pediatric Squint?
A squint refers to a condition where the eyes do not work together as a team. Normally, both eyes focus on the same object, providing a single, clear image. In children with a squint, one eye may look straight ahead while the other turns in another direction, such as inward (esotropia), outward (exotropia), upward (hypertropia), or downward (hypotropia). The most common form of squint in pediatrics is esotropia, where one or both eyes turn inward.
Squint can occur constantly or intermittently, and it may be present from birth (congenital) or develop later in childhood (acquired). If left untreated, a pediatric squint can interfere with the development of binocular vision, leading to poor depth perception and problems with hand-eye coordination.
What Is Esotropia?
Esotropia is the most prevalent type of squint in pediatrics, characterized by the inward turning of one or both eyes. This condition may be congenital or acquired, and it often presents in infants or young children. Esotropia is divided into several types, including:
Causes of Squint in Pediatrics
Squint in pediatrics can be caused by several factors, including:
Causes of Squint in Pediatrics
Squint in pediatrics can be caused by several factors, including:
Treatment Options for Pediatric Squint
Treatment for squint in pediatrics depends on the type and severity of the condition. The earlier the treatment begins, the better the chances of restoring normal vision. Treatment options include:
For children with accommodative esotropia, prescription glasses may be all that is required to correct the inward turn of the eyes. Glasses reduce the effort needed to focus on objects, which helps keep the eyes aligned. In some cases, bifocal lenses may be prescribed.
If a child develops amblyopia (lazy eye) due to squint, patching the stronger eye may be recommended. Patching forces the weaker eye to work harder, strengthening vision in the affected eye. This treatment is often used in conjunction with other therapies such as glasses or surgery.
In some cases, eye exercises may help improve eye coordination and strengthen the eye muscles. These exercises are often used in milder forms of squint or after surgery to improve eye alignment.
Squint surgery is often required for children with more severe cases of squint, especially if other treatments, like glasses, are ineffective. The surgery involves adjusting the muscles around the eyes to correct their alignment. It is typically done under general anesthesia, and recovery is generally quick, although follow-up treatments, such as glasses or patching, may still be necessary.
Surgery is also an option for children with esotropia, particularly when the inward turning of the eyes is significant and does not respond to non-surgical interventions. Surgery can help restore proper eye alignment and improve the child’s ability to use both eyes together for clear vision.
Consult an eye care professional if you notice:
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